Spend any amount of time studying science and you come to realize one very scary reality: there is no such thing as certainty in the world, no grand tree of knowledge.
That’s not to say that everything we have been taught in high school chemistry is a lie, merely that scientific knowledge is built upon a series of assumptions about the universe; assumptions that have been challenged and tested billions and billions of times, but assumptions nonetheless.
There’s simply too much information, too much noise in the data, for us to ever know something is 100% true. That’s alright though: science isn’t about being certain, it’s about making the best educated decision based on the information we can sift through, and having the presence of mind to never take that decision for granted. If ever the day comes that one such assumption fails a challenge, like someone saying they found a neutrino that travels faster than light for instance (Gee, what do you know? Someone did), then it’s the responsibility of the scientific community to relentlessly poke, prod and verify that claim until they’re as sure as they can be that a neutrino can indeed travel faster than light, and if they did verify that, then it’s also their responsibility to reconcile that new information with the current data they have, until they have the best picture of the world they can muster. Even if they have to take a sledgehammer to Einstein’s Theory of Relativity in the process (though we’re still a while away from needing to do that). That’s what science does; it never solves the puzzle for us, it only gives us the best place to find another missing piece.
That being said, while nothing is ever 100% certain scientifically, that doesn’t mean there aren’t rules of the world we’ve come to accept as being close to certainty as you can get. Newtonian physics(ahem), evolution, gravity and Sean Connery being the greatest man to ever wear a suit to mention some. These and other theories about the world have passed through the fire time and time again, each time becoming more refined and strengthened. It’s a slow and arduous process, but you can’t argue with the results. Unless, it seems, you’re a Republican candidate for President.
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